On May 2, 11:06 am, MB <k...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote:
> What a clever way to justify sitting around watching basketball - AND
get=
ting paid
> for it. "Research!"
>
I don't think they watched any games for this research.
>
>
>
>
> s_knig...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
> >http://msn.foxs****ts.com/nba/story/6765734?MSNHPHMA
>
> > Study: White refs call more fouls on blacks
>
> > NEW YORK (AP) - An academic study of NBA officiating found that white
> > referees called fouls at a greater rate against black players than
> > against white players, The New York Times re****ted on its Web site
> > Tuesday night.
>
> > The study by a University of Pennsylvania assistant professor and
> > Cornell graduate student also found that black officials called fouls
> > more frequently against white players than black, but noted that that
> > tendency was not as pronounced.
>
> > Justin Wolfers, an assistant professor of business and public policy
> > at Penn's Wharton School, and Joseph Price, a Cornell graduate student
> > in economics, said the difference in calls "is large enough that the
> > probability of a team winning is noticeably affected by the racial
> > composition of the refereeing crew."
>
> > The study, conducted over a 13-season span through 2004, found that
> > the racial makeup of a three-man officiating crew affected calls by up
> > to 4 1/2 percent.
>
> > The NBA strongly criticized the study, which was based on information
> > from publicly available box scores, which show only the referees'
> > names and contain no information about which official made a call.
>
> > "The study that is cited in the New York Times article is wrong,"
> > president of league and basketball operations Joel Litvin told The
> > Associated Press on Tuesday night. "The fact is there is no evidence
> > of racial bias in foul calls made by NBA officials and that is based
> > on a study conducted by our experts who looked at data that was far
> > more robust and current than the data relied upon by Professor
> > Wolfers.
>
> > "The short of it is Wolfers and Price only looked at calls made by
> > three-man crews. Our experts were able to analyze calls made by
> > individual referees."
>
> > Litvin said the NBA's study, using data from November 2004 to January
> > 2007, included some 148,000 calls and included which official made
> > each call. The Times said the NBA denied a request by Wolfers and
> > Price to obtain that information, citing its confidentiality agreement
> > with the officials.
>
> > The study also found differences in everything from a decrease in
> > scoring to a rise in turnovers depending on the officials' race.
>
> > "Player-performance appears to deteriorate at every margin when
> > officiated by a larger fraction of opposite-race referees," Wolfers
> > and Price wrote.
>
> > But the key finding was in regard to foul calls, saying "black players
> > receive around 0.12-0.20 more fouls per 48 minutes played (an increase
> > of 2 1/2-4 1/2 percent) when the number of white referees officiating
> > a game increases from zero to three."
>
> > The NBA has an observer at each game and closely monitors its
> > officials, who are required to file re****ts after each game they work
> > and are expected to be able to explain each potentially controversial
> > call they have made.
>
> > Litvin said in an original version of the paper, dated March 2006,
> > Wolfers and Price came to the conclusion that there was no bias. He
> > added that the NBA's research "all prove beyond any doubt in our minds
> > that these guys are just flat wrong."
>
> > "They reached conclusions in their own papers that are unsup****ted by
> > their own calculations," Litvin said.
>
> > Wolfers and Price are set to present the paper at meetings of the
> > Society of Labor Economists on Friday and the American Law and
> > Economics Association on Sunday. The Times said they will then submit
> > it to the National Bureau of Economic Research and for formal peer
> > review before consideration by an economic journal.
>
> --
> =D0=CF =E0=A1=B1 =E1- Hide quoted text -
>
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